Research Article | Open Access | Download Full Text
Volume 3 | Issue 4 | Year 2024 | Article Id: DST-V3I4P101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59232/DST-V3I4P101
Design and Construction of a 100-Watt Class AB Audio Amplifier
John Jeremiah Jay, Bawa-Boyi Emmanuel Uda, Naphtali Festus Adda, Magaji Bala
| Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| 02 Oct 2024 | 01 Nov 2024 | 30 Nov 2024 | 24 Dec 2024 |
Citation
John Jeremiah Jay, Bawa-Boyi Emmanuel Uda, Naphtali Festus Adda, Magaji Bala. “Design and Construction of a 100-Watt Class AB Audio Amplifier.” DS Journal of Digital Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1-10, 2024.
Abstract
The amplifier device increases the amplitude of a signal waveform without changing other parameters of the waveform, such as frequency and wave shape. Audio amplifier amplifies an electrical signal that has a frequency range corresponding to the range of human hearing, which is 20 Hz to 20 KHz. This work seeks to design and construct a 100-watt class AB audio amplifier using a D718 power transistor. The design is in four stages, which are the power supply unit, signal processor unit (input stage), power amplifier unit (amplification stage), and output unit (output stage). The calculated power for this audio amplifier was 99.9 watts. The gain of the amplifier is 9.62 dB, which shows that the amplifier has a low signal-to-noise ratio; the results obtained show that the developed amplifier worked satisfactorily. An input frequency of 70 Hz given to the amplifier by the frequency generator yields an output frequency of 166.6 Hz. It implies that the output signal is twice the input signal, meaning that there is amplification with the amplifier that the amplifier works is satisfactory. Self-designed and self-constructed amplifiers are safer, and they can give the required output. Based on the power level this is cheap, more reliable and more effective to use. The transistors emit less heat when the power amplifier is powered ON; this is because the heat sink was reasonably thick enough to handle the power dissipated by the transistors.
Keywords
Audio amplifier design, Class AB amplifier, Power transistor D718, Signal amplification.
References
[1] Divya Sharma et al., “Analysis of Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier,” International Journal of Microsystems and IoT, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41-47, 2023.
[2] Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan et al., “CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Design Trends towards Millimeter-Wave IoT Sensors,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Erkan Yuce, and Shahram Minaei, “Operational Amplifiers and their Applications,” Passive and Active Circuits by Example, pp. 89-150, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Vančo B. Litovski, Lecture Notes in Analog Electronics: Discrete and Integrated Large Signal Amplifiers, 1st ed., Springer Nature, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Zhang Shengwu et al., “Exploring the Collision, Acoustic and Thermal Energy Dissipation Distribution of Discrete Mass,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Dave Hunter, The Guitar Amp Handbook: Understanding Tube Amplifiers and Getting Great Sounds, Rowman & Littlefield, 2023.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Logan Blue, “Identifying Different Audio Sources through Fluid Dynamic and Acoustic Evaluation of Their Source Mechanics,” Thesis, University of Florida, 2023.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Alina Villalva, “Complex Verbs,” Paradigms in Word Formation, pp. 249-282, 2022.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Amin Beigi et al., “Analysis and Design of a Duty-Cycle-Controlled Amplitude Shift Keying Class-E Power Amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10470-10479, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Mohammed A. Elsayed Eid, Hamed A. Ibrahim, and Tamer Gaber Abouelnaga, “A Classification and Comparative Overview of CMOS Radio-Frequency Power Amplifiers,” Industrial Technology Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61-75, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Francisco André Corrêa Alegria, “On the Applications of Sinusoidal Signals in Analog to Digital Converter Testing,” World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 58-67, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Jaladi Vivek, Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering, Academic Guru Publishing House, 2023.
[13] Hassan Rivandi, and Tiago L. Costa, “A 2D Ultrasound Phased-Array Transmitter ASIC for High-Frequency US Stimulation and Powering,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 701-712, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Milind N. Kunchur, “The Human Auditory System and Audio,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 211, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Konstantinos Kaleris et al., “Laser-Sound Reproduction by Pulse Amplitude Modulation Audio Streams,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Carl D’heer, and Patrick Reynaert, “Basic Electronics and Components,” THz and Sub-THz CMOS Electronics for High-Speed Telecommunication, pp. 99-156, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] E. McCune, “High-Efficiency, Multi-Mode, Multi-Band Terminal Power Amplifiers,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44-55, 2005.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Paul R. Gray et al., Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 6th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2024.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] M. Ghashghai, and M.B. Ghaznavi-Ghoushchi, “Design and Analysis of a New Three-Stage Feedback Amplifier Utilizing Signal Flow Graph Domain Inspection Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1792-1800, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Divya Sharma, and Vijay Nath, “CMOS Operational Amplifier Design for Industrial and Biopotential Applications: Comprehensive Review and Circuit Implementation,” Results in Engineering, vol. 22, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Sein Oh, and Minkyu Je, “Process-Scalable and Low-Power Amplifiers: Progress and Prospects in Dynamic Amplifier Research,” IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 55-66, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] B.V. Srividya, and Sasi Smitha, “An Overview of Distinct Electronic Devices and Circuits,” Cognitive Predictive Maintenance Tools for Brain Diseases, 1st ed., pp. 73-92, 2024.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Chaodi Sheng, Xiaojun Bi, and Qinfen Xu, “A Linear High-Efficiency Distributed Power Amplifier Utilizing Class-AB and Inverse-Class-C Complementary Structure,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, pp. 1-11, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Elaine Rennick, “Design of a High-Efficiency Load-Insensitive Class-E CMOS Power Amplifier for Wireless Power Transfer Applications,” Doctoral Dissertation, University of British Columbia, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Matthew Evans, “Rapid Dynamic Power Rail Switching of OFDM Signal Amplifiers,” Doctoral Dissertation, University of Essex, 2024.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] M. Ouadefli et al., “An Efficient Microwave Outphasing Transmitter Based on Class-E Power Amplifiers,” AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 173, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] Heng Lu, Jianliang Jiang, and Hengli Zhang, “Optimizing Power Losses and Efficiency of Broadband Parallel-Circuit Class-E Power Amplifier,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 21936-21946, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] Longbin Zhu et al., “A High CMRR Differential Difference Amplifier Employing Combined Input Pairs for Neural Signal Recordings,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 100-110, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Mehrnaz Khodadoost, Mohsen Hayati, and Hamed Abbasi, “Investigation of Temperature Variations on a Class-E Inverter and Proposing a Compensation Circuit to Prevent Harmful Effects on Biomedical Implants,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] Jiafa Chen et al., “Catalyzing Satellite Communication: A 20W Ku-Band RF Front-End Power Amplifier Design and Deployment,” Plos One, vol. 19, no. 4, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Felix Ngobigha., “Stochastic Power Supply Technologies for Energy-Efficient, Networked, Sound-Reinforcement Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 119937-119945, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] H. Dangoje et al., “Design and Construction of 30.25 Watts Audio Power Amplifier,” Nigerian Journal of Physics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 39-44, 2023.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] Nardi Utomo et al., “An 85.1% Peak Efficiency, Low Power Class H Audio Amplifier with Full Class H Operation,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 4692-4704, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] Lida Kouhalvandi, Ladislau Matekovits, and Ildiko Peter, “Amplifiers in Biomedical Engineering: A Review from Application Perspectives,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 4, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] K. Prathik Kamath et al., “Power Amplifiers and their Feedback Mechanisms for AMB-A Comprehensive Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 132893-132915, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Benedict Ayomanor et al., “Implementation of Home Automation System Using GSM Module and Arduino Microcontroller,” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 150-159, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]